快速了解消息队列和安装rabbitMQ

消息队列(Message Queue)

消息：应用间传送的数据。

队列：一种先进先出的数据结构。

消息队列：一种在应用程序之间传递消息的通信方式，允许程序之间异步的发送和接收消息。也就是说，发送消息方不用关系消费者是谁，消费者也不需要关心发送者是谁。

基本概念认识

• 生产者：发送消息的程序
• 消费者：接收消息的程序
• 队列：存放消息的存储区域
• 交换机：消息路由核心组件，当生产者发送消息后，消息会首先到交换机，交换机会根据我们的配置将其路由到对应的队列中

安装

docker安装

# 3.13 是版本号，可以用自己适合的
docker run -it --rm --name rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:3.13-management

这个比较简单，暂时不多写了

在基于 RPM 的 Linux 上安装

官方给了好几种安装方式，不过官方强烈推荐使用 Yum 存储库从 Cloudsmith.io 镜像安装软件包。这里就使用这种方式。参考文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/install-rpm#cloudsmith

1. Yum 将验证其安装的任何软件包的签名，因此该过程的第一步是导入签名密钥。(服务器在国内的话，操作可能会比较慢)

   ## primary RabbitMQ signing key
   rpm --import 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc'
   ## modern Erlang repository
   rpm --import 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key'
   ## RabbitMQ server repository
   rpm --import 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key'
   

2. 在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下添加 .repo 文件（例如 rabbitmq.repo ）。注意要与系统的发行版对应。我的系统是 el9 的，所以我们可以创建文件：/etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo 并在其中添加如下内容：

   # In /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo
   
   ##
   ## Zero dependency Erlang RPM
   ##
   
   [modern-erlang]
   name=modern-erlang-el9
   # uses a Cloudsmith mirror @ yum.novemberain.com.
   # Unlike Cloudsmith, it does not have any traffic quotas
   baseurl=https://yum1.novemberain.com/erlang/el/9/$basearch
           https://yum2.novemberain.com/erlang/el/9/$basearch
           https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/9/$basearch
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
   gpgcheck=1
   sslverify=1
   sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
   metadata_expire=300
   pkg_gpgcheck=1
   autorefresh=1
   type=rpm-md
   
   [modern-erlang-noarch]
   name=modern-erlang-el9-noarch
   # uses a Cloudsmith mirror @ yum.novemberain.com.
   # Unlike Cloudsmith, it does not have any traffic quotas
   baseurl=https://yum1.novemberain.com/erlang/el/9/noarch
           https://yum2.novemberain.com/erlang/el/9/noarch
           https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/9/noarch
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
          https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
   gpgcheck=1
   sslverify=1
   sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
   metadata_expire=300
   pkg_gpgcheck=1
   autorefresh=1
   type=rpm-md
   
   [modern-erlang-source]
   name=modern-erlang-el9-source
   # uses a Cloudsmith mirror @ yum.novemberain.com.
   # Unlike Cloudsmith, it does not have any traffic quotas
   baseurl=https://yum1.novemberain.com/erlang/el/9/SRPMS
           https://yum2.novemberain.com/erlang/el/9/SRPMS
           https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/9/SRPMS
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
          https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
   gpgcheck=1
   sslverify=1
   sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
   metadata_expire=300
   pkg_gpgcheck=1
   autorefresh=1
   
   
   ##
   ## RabbitMQ Server
   ##
   
   [rabbitmq-el9]
   name=rabbitmq-el9
   baseurl=https://yum2.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/9/$basearch
           https://yum1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/9/$basearch
           https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/9/$basearch
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   # Cloudsmith's repository key and RabbitMQ package signing key
   gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key
          https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
   gpgcheck=1
   sslverify=1
   sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
   metadata_expire=300
   pkg_gpgcheck=1
   autorefresh=1
   type=rpm-md
   
   [rabbitmq-el9-noarch]
   name=rabbitmq-el9-noarch
   baseurl=https://yum2.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/9/noarch
           https://yum1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/9/noarch
           https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/9/noarch
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   # Cloudsmith's repository key and RabbitMQ package signing key
   gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key
          https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
   gpgcheck=1
   sslverify=1
   sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
   metadata_expire=300
   pkg_gpgcheck=1
   autorefresh=1
   type=rpm-md
   
   [rabbitmq-el9-source]
   name=rabbitmq-el9-source
   baseurl=https://yum2.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/9/SRPMS
           https://yum1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/9/SRPMS
           https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/9/SRPMS
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key
   gpgcheck=0
   sslverify=1
   sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
   metadata_expire=300
   pkg_gpgcheck=1
   autorefresh=1
   type=rpm-md
   

3. 使用 dnf (yum) 命令安装软件包

   # 更新包元数据
   dnf update -y
   # 从标准存储库安装依赖项
   dnf install socat logrotate -y
   # 安装 Erlang 和 RabbitMQ
   dnf install -y erlang rabbitmq-server
   

启动

# 启动
systemctl start rabbitmq-server
# 查看状态
systemctl status  rabbitmq-server
# 关闭
systemctl stop rabbitmq-server
# 重启
systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
# 开机启动守护进程(需要管理员身份)
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server

启动成功后，RabbitMQ 默认监听5672端口。

参考文章：
https://kucw.io/blog/2020/11/rabbitmq/
https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials